Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the lining of the colon (large intestine). It causes inflammation, sores, bleeding and scarring of the inner walls of the colon. It is an inflammatory disease that occurs continously along the walls rather than patchy appearances. Ulcerative colitis can affects any age group but it is most diagnosed in 15 to 25 years and 45 to 55 years age groups!
The usually presents with diarrhea mixed with mucus and blood, which is of gradual onset and persists over a weeks. Other manifestations are fever, weight loss and painful bowel movements.
Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cells infiltrating the colon. The inflammation starts from rectum and propagates towards colon. It usually involves the rectum and is confined to the colon, with occasional involvement of the ileum.
Ulcerative colitis is an unpredictable conditions a persons may have relapses, flare-ups followed by remission, when symptoms recede. During a flare-up, a person may develop bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and weight loss. The person may not be able to lead a normal life, may even need hospitalisation. Severe attacks of ulcerative colitis can be life-threatening too.
Ulcerative colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer. People suffering with ulcerative colitis should have regular colonoscopies to screen for cancer as advised by doctors.
The treatment is intially aimed to induce remission which involves relief of symptoms and mucosal healing of the linning of the colon, then folowed by longer term treatent involving the maintainence of remission and prevention of complications! Alternatively, Ulcerative colitis can be cured by surgically by removing a part or all of the colon.
Take Care!! Stay Healthy!!
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